9:1 The murrain of beasts;
9:8 The plague of boils and blains;
9:13 The message of Moses about the hail;
9:22 The plague of hail;
9:27 Pharaoh sues to Moses, but yet is hardened. Verse 1Exodus 9:13, 3:18, 4:22, 4:23, 5:1, 8:1, 8:20, 10:3Reciprocal7:16 - The Lord; 2 Corinthians 11:22 - Hebrews Verse 2Exodus 4:23, 8:2, 10:4; Leviticus 26:14-16, 26:23, 26:24, 26:27, 26:28; Psalm 7:11, 7:12, 68:21; Isaiah 1:20; Romans 2:8; Revelation 2:21, 2:22, 16:9ReciprocalGenesis 24:5 - Peradventure; Exodus 7:14 - he refuseth; Job 20:10 - his hands; Jeremiah 50:33 - they refused Verse 3the handExodus 7:4, 8:19; 1 Samuel 5:6-11, 6:9; Acts 13:11 murrainWe may observe a particular scope and meaning in this calamity, if we consider it in regard to the Egyptians, which would not have existed in respect to any other people. They held in idolatrous reverence almost every animal, but some they held in particular veneration; as the ox, cow, and ram. Among these, Apis and Mnevis are well known; the former being a sacred bull, worshipped at Memphis, as the latter was at Heliopolis. A cow or heifer had the like honours at Momemphis; and the same practice seems to have been adopted in most of the Egyptian nomes. By the infliction of this judgment, the Egyptian deities sank before the God of the Hebrews. See Bryant, pp. 87-93. Exodus 5:3ReciprocalGenesis 47:6 - cattle; 47:17 - for horses; Exodus 8:26 - the abomination; 9:15 - stretch; Psalm 78:50 - life over to the pestilence; 107:38 - suffereth; Jeremiah 50:33 - they refused; Amos 4:10 - pestilence Verse 4Exodus 8:22, 10:23, 12:13; Isaiah 65:13, 65:14; Malachi 3:18ReciprocalExodus 9:26 - General; Amos 4:7 - and I; Revelation 7:3 - till Verse 5a set timeExodus 9:18, 8:23, 10:4; Numbers 16:5; Job 24:1; Ecclesiastes 3:1-11; Jeremiah 28:16, 28:17; Matthew 27:63, 27:64Reciprocal2 Kings 7:1 - To morrow Verse 6Exodus 9:19, 9:25; Psalm 78:48, 78:50ReciprocalExodus 8:22 - sever; 9:15 - stretch; 9:26 - General; 2 Kings 7:1 - To morrow Verse 7the heartExodus 9:12, 7:14, 8:32; Job 9:4; Proverbs 29:1; Isaiah 48:4; Daniel 5:20; Romans 9:18

Verse 8Take toThis was a significant command; not only referring to the fiery furnace, which was a type of the slavery of the Israelites, but to a cruel rite common among the Egyptians. They had several cities styled Typhonian, in which at particular seasons they sacrificed men, who were burnt alive; and the ashes of the victim were scattered upwards in the air, with the view, probably, that where any atom of dust was carried, a blessing was entailed. The like, therefore, was done by Moses, though with a different intention, and more certain effect. See Bryant, pp. 93-106. Exodus 8:16ReciprocalEzekiel 10:2 - coals; Revelation 16:2 - a noisome Verse 9a boilLeviticus 13:18-20; Deuteronomy 28:27, 28:35; Job 2:7; Revelation 16:2

Verse 10a boilDeuteronomy 28:27ReciprocalGenesis 47:6 - cattle; Exodus 15:26 - diseases Verse 11Exodus 7:11, 7:12, 8:18, 8:19; Isaiah 47:12-14; 2 Timothy 3:8, 3:9; Revelation 16:2ReciprocalGenesis 41:8 - the magicians of Egypt; Exodus 15:26 - diseases; Deuteronomy 7:15 - will put none; 9:2 - Who can stand; 28:27 - the botch; Isaiah 44:25 - maketh; Micah 3:7 - the seers; Acts 8:9 - used; Revelation 13:13 - he doeth Verse 12Exodus 4:21, 7:13, 7:14; Psalm 81:11, 81:12; Revelation 16:10, 16:11
Hardness of heart is a figurative expression, denoting that insensibility of mind upon which neither judgments nor mercies make any abiding impressions; but the conscience being stupefied, the obdurate rebel persists in determined disobedience.ReciprocalExodus 9:7 - the heart; 10:20 - General; Psalm 69:27 - Add; Amos 4:10 - yet Verse 13Exodus 9:1, 7:15, 8:20Reciprocal3:18 - The Lord; 7:16 - The Lord; 1 Chronicles 16:21 - he reproved; 2 Corinthians 11:22 - Hebrews Verse 14send allLeviticus 26:18, 26:21, 26:28; Deuteronomy 28:15-17, 28:59-61, 29:20-22, 32:39-42; 1 Samuel 4:8; 1 Kings 8:38; Jeremiah 19:8; Micah 6:13; Revelation 18:8, 22:18 that thouExodus 8:10ReciprocalGenesis 41:25 - God; Exodus 11:1 - Yet will; 2 Samuel 22:28 - but thine; 2 Kings 24:20 - through; Job 9:4 - who hath hardened; 27:22 - For God; Isaiah 26:11 - they shall; 40:18 - General; Jeremiah 4:10 - the sword; 10:6 - there; 16:21 - I will this; Ezekiel 29:6 - know; 35:4 - and thou; Daniel 4:32 - until; 5:21 - his heart was made like; John 19:11 - Thou Verse 15stretchExodus 9:3, 9:6, 9:16, 3:20 that11:4-6, 12:29, 12:30 cut off14:28; 1 Kings 13:34; Proverbs 2:22Reciprocal2 Samuel 4:11 - from; 1 Kings 8:42 - thy strong hand; 2 Kings 17:36 - a stretched; 19:19 - O Lord; Isaiah 37:20 - that all; Jeremiah 21:5 - with an Verse 16deedExodus 14:17; Psalm 83:17, 83:18; Proverbs 16:4; Romans 9:17, 9:22; 1 Peter 2:8, 2:19; Jude 1:4 raised thee upHeb. made thee standfor toExodus 14:4, 15:11-16, 18:11; Joshua 2:10, 2:11; 1 Samuel 4:8; Psalm 136:10-15 that my1 Chronicles 16:24; Psalm 64:9, 83:17, 83:18; Isaiah 63:12-14; Malachi 1:11, 1:14; Romans 9:17ReciprocalExodus 7:3 - multiply; 9:15 - stretch; 10:1 - that I; 15:7 - the greatness; Numbers 23:22 - God; Joshua 4:24 - all the people; 9:9 - we have; 11:20 - it was; Judges 3:12 - and the Lord; 1 Samuel 6:6 - the Egyptians; 17:46 - all the earth; 2 Samuel 7:23 - make him; 17:14 - the Lord; 2 Kings 19:19 - O Lord; 2 Chronicles 25:16 - determined; Nehemiah 9:10 - didst; Job 40:11 - behold; Psalm 76:10 - Surely; 105:25 - He turned; 106:8 - that he; Isaiah 33:5 - The Lord; 37:20 - that all; 41:20 - General; 45:9 - unto him; 54:16 - I have; Jeremiah 32:20 - and hast; Ezekiel 28:14 - and I; 28:22 - I will; 31:9 - made; 39:21 - I will set; Daniel 4:17 - the basest; 9:15 - and hast; John 17:6 - have manifested; Romans 8:39 - height; 2 Corinthians 10:5 - and every; 1 Thessalonians 5:9 - not; Revelation 6:4 - power; 13:7 - and power Verse 17Job 9:4, 15:25, 15:26, 40:9; Isaiah 10:15, 26:11, 37:23, 37:24, 37:29, 45:9; Acts 12:23; 1 Corinthians 10:22ReciprocalExodus 10:3 - How long; 18:11 - proudly; 1 Kings 1:5 - exalted; 2 Kings 19:22 - exalted thy voice; 2 Chronicles 36:13 - hardened; Nehemiah 9:10 - they; Job 40:11 - behold; Psalm 10:2 - The wicked; 76:10 - Surely; Isaiah 5:15 - the eyes; 33:5 - The Lord; 57:4 - Against; Jeremiah 43:2 - all the; 44:10 - are not; 48:26 - for he; 50:33 - they refused; Ezekiel 28:6 - Because; Daniel 5:20 - when; Amos 4:10 - yet; Zephaniah 2:10 - and magnified; Romans 8:39 - height; 2 Corinthians 10:5 - and every; Revelation 6:4 - power Verse 18to morrow1 Kings 19:2, 20:6; 2 Kings 7:1, 7:18 I will causeThis must have been a circumstance of all others the most incredible to an Egyptian; for in Egypt there fell no rain, the want of which was supplied by dews, and the overflowing of the Nile. The Egyptians must, therefore, have perceived themselves particularly aimed at in these fearful events, especially as they were very superstitious. There seems likewise a propriety in their being punished by fire and water, as they were guilty of the grossest idolatry towards these elements. Scarcely anything could have distressed the Egyptians more than the destruction of the flax, as the whole nation wore linen garments. The ruin of their barley was equally fatal, both to their trade and to their private advantage. See Bryant, pp. 108-117. Exodus 9:22-25; Psalm 83:15ReciprocalExodus 9:5 - a set time; 10:4 - morrow; 1 Samuel 28:19 - and to morrow; 1 Kings 13:5 - General; Job 37:13 - whether; 38:23 - General; Psalm 78:47 - with hail; 105:32 - them hail for rain; Isaiah 28:17 - and the hail; 32:19 - it shall; Jeremiah 50:33 - they refused; Ezekiel 13:13 - and great; Jonah 3:5 - believed; Haggai 2:17 - with hail; Habakkuk 3:1 - warned; Revelation 11:19 - and great Verse 19and gatherHabakkuk 3:2 the hailExodus 9:25Reciprocal9:6 - General; Isaiah 28:17 - and the hail; Ezekiel 33:5 - But Verse 20Proverbs 16:16, 22:3, 22:23; Jonah 3:5, 3:6; Mark 13:14-16; Habakkuk 3:1ReciprocalDeuteronomy 4:34 - temptations; 2 Kings 6:10 - sent to the place; Proverbs 27:12 - General; Habakkuk 3:2 - I have; Matthew 24:16 - General; Luke 21:21 - flee; Acts 27:11 - believed Verse 21regarded notHeb. set not his heart unto, Exodus 7:23; 1 Samuel 4:20 *marg. 1 Chronicles 22:19; Job 7:17, 34:14; Proverbs 24:32 *marg. Ezekiel 40:4; Daniel 10:12ReciprocalGenesis 19:14 - as one; 47:6 - cattle; Deuteronomy 4:34 - temptations; 2 Kings 6:10 - sent to the place; 2 Chronicles 11:16 - set; Proverbs 22:3 - prudent; 27:12 - General; Ezekiel 44:5 - mark well; Habakkuk 3:2 - I have; Haggai 1:5 - Consider your ways; Matthew 24:16 - General; Luke 21:21 - flee; Acts 27:11 - believed Verse 22Exodus 7:19, 8:5, 8:16; Revelation 16:21ReciprocalExodus 9:18 - I will cause; 10:21 - Stretch; Joshua 10:11 - the Lord; Ezekiel 38:22 - an overflowing Verse 23the Lord sentExodus 19:16, 20:18; 1 Samuel 12:17, 12:18; Job 37:1-5; Psalm 29:3, 77:18; Revelation 16:18, 16:21 and hailJoshua 10:11; Job 38:22, 38:23; Psalm 18:13, 78:47, 78:48, 105:32, 105:33, 148:8; Isaiah 30:30; Ezekiel 38:22; Revelation 8:7ReciprocalExodus 7:9 - Take; 7:19 - stretch; 9:24 - none like; Deuteronomy 9:15 - the mount; 1 Samuel 7:10 - thundered; Job 20:23 - rain it; 27:21 - a storm; 36:31 - by; 38:35 - Canst; Psalm 11:6 - Upon; 18:12 - hail; 29:7 - flames; 140:10 - burning coals; 147:17 - casteth; Jeremiah 10:13 - maketh; Amos 7:4 - called; Revelation 20:9 - and fire Verse 24none likeExodus 9:23, 10:6; Matthew 24:21ReciprocalJob 38:23 - General; Psalm 11:6 - Upon; 18:12 - hail; 140:10 - burning coals; Amos 7:4 - called; Revelation 20:9 - and fire Verse 25smote everyPsalm 105:33ReciprocalExodus 9:6 - General; 9:19 - the hail Verse 26Exodus 8:22-32, 9:4, 9:6, 10:23, 11:7, 12:13; Isaiah 32:18, 32:19ReciprocalGenesis 45:10 - in the land; 47:1 - in the land; Amos 4:7 - and I Verse 27I haveExodus 10:16; Numbers 22:34; 1 Samuel 15:24, 15:30, 26:21; Matthew 27:4 the Lord2 Chronicles 12:6; Psalm 9:16, 129:4, 145:17; Lamentations 1:18; Daniel 9:14; Romans 2:5, 3:19ReciprocalExodus 8:25 - General; Numbers 21:7 - We have; 1 Samuel 24:17 - Thou art; Proverbs 14:19 - General Verse 28EntreatExodus 8:8, 8:28, 10:17; Acts 8:24 mighty thunderingsHeb. voices of God, Psalm 29:3, 29:4 ye shallExodus 11:1ReciprocalGenesis 30:8 - great wrestlings; Exodus 10:24 - Go ye; 12:32 - bless me; 19:16 - thunders; Numbers 21:7 - We have; Judges 11:8 - the elders; 1 Samuel 5:7 - saw; 12:19 - Pray for thy; 2 Samuel 24:16 - It is enough; 1 Kings 13:6 - now; 1 Chronicles 21:15 - It is enough; Job 1:16 - The fire of God; Psalm 36:6 - great mountains; 78:48 - hot thunderbolts; Proverbs 14:19 - General; Jeremiah 34:11 - General; 37:3 - Pray; 42:2 - and pray; James 5:16 - The effectual Verse 29spreadExodus 9:33; 1 Kings 8:22, 8:38; 2 Chronicles 6:12, 6:13; Ezra 9:5; Job 11:13; Psalm 143:6; Isaiah 1:15 that the earthDeuteronomy 10:14; Psalm 24:1, 24:2, 50:12, 95:4, 95:5, 135:6; 1 Corinthians 10:26, 10:28ReciprocalExodus 8:10 - there is none; 19:5 - all the earth; 19:16 - thunders; 24:18 - went into; Job 38:35 - Canst; Psalm 44:20 - stretched; Daniel 4:32 - until; James 5:16 - The effectual Verse 30Proverbs 16:6; Isaiah 26:10, 63:17ReciprocalJeremiah 44:10 - neither Verse 31flaxThe word pishteh, flax, Mr. Parkhurst thinks may be derived from pashat, to strip, because the substance which we call flax is properly the filaments of the bark or rind of the vegetable, stripped off the stalks. From time immemorial, Egypt was celebrated for the production and manufacture of flax; and hence the linen and fine linen of Egypt, so often spoken of in scripture and ancient authors.the barleyThe Hebrew seorah, barley, in Arabic shair, and shairat, is so called from its rough, bristly beard, with which the ears are covered and defended; from saa?r, to stand on end as the hair of the head: hence sea?r, the hair of the head. So its Latin name hordeum is from horreo, to stand on end as the hair. Dr. Pococke has observed that there is a double seed time and harvest in Egypt; rice, India wheat, and a grain called the corn of Damascus, are sown and reaped at a very different time from wheat, barley, and flax. The first are sown in March, before the overflowing of the Nile, and reaped about October; whereas the wheat and barley are sown in November and December, as soon as the Nile has gone off, and reaped before May. Ruth 1:22, 2:23; Amos 4:9; Habakkuk 3:17ReciprocalIsaiah 28:25 - in the principal Verse 32not grown upHeb. hidden, or dark, Exodus 10:22Reciprocal10:5 - the residue; Ruth 1:22 - in the beginning; Isaiah 28:25 - in the principal Verse 33spreadExodus 9:29, 8:12 and the thunders10:18, 10:19; James 5:17, 5:18ReciprocalExodus 7:19 - stretch; 8:30 - entreated; 24:18 - went into; 1 Kings 8:22 - spread forth; 2 Chronicles 6:12 - spread forth; Ezra 9:5 - spread; Psalm 29:3 - thundereth; James 5:16 - The effectual; Revelation 8:7 - hail Verse 34sawExodus 8:15; Ecclesiastes 8:11 and hardenedExodus 4:21, 7:14; 2 Chronicles 28:22, 33:23, 36:13; Romans 2:4, 2:5ReciprocalExodus 10:1 - I have hardened; 1 Samuel 6:6 - the Egyptians; Isaiah 26:10 - favour; Jeremiah 34:11 - General; Amos 4:10 - yet Verse 35ReciprocalExodus 4:21 - I will harden; 10:1 - I have hardened; Jeremiah 34:11 - General; Amos 4:10 - yet