12:1 The companies that came to David at Ziklag;
12:23 The armies that came to him at Hebron. Verse 1these are1 Samuel 27:2, 27:6; 2 Samuel 1:1, 4:10 while he yetetc. Heb. being yet shut up, Sometimes, in the East, when a successful prince endeavoured to extirpate the preceding royal family, some of them escaped the slaughter, and secured themselves in an impregnable fortress, or in a place of great secrecy; while others have been known to seek an asylum in a foreign county, from when they have occasioned, from time to time, great anxiety and great difficulties to the usurper of the crown. The expression shut up, so often applied to the extermination of eastern royal families - Deuteronomy 32:32. 1 Kings 14:10; 21:21. 2 Kings 9:8; 14:26
strictly speaking, refers to the two first of these cases; but the term may be used in a more extensive sense, for those who, by retiring into deserts, or foreign countries, preserve themselves from being slain by the men who usurp the dominions of their ancestors. Thus the term is here applied to David, though he did not shut himself up, strictly speaking, in Ziklag. It is described as a town in the country, and was probably an unwalled town; and it is certain that he did not confine himself to it, but, on the contrary, was continually making excursions from thence.Saul1 Chronicles 8:33, 9:39 the mighty11:10, 11:19, 11:24, 11:25ReciprocalGenesis 49:8 - thy hand; Joshua 15:31 - Ziklag; 1 Samuel 30:26 - to his friends; 2 Samuel 2:3 - his men; 1 Chronicles 4:30 - Ziklag Verse 2could useJudges 3:15, 20:16 in hurling1 Samuel 17:49Reciprocal2 Samuel 20:10 - in Joab's; 1 Chronicles 8:40 - archers; 12:16 - the children; 12:29 - kindred Verse 3Shemaahor, HasmaahGibeathite1 Samuel 11:4; 2 Samuel 21:6 Azmaveth1 Chronicles 11:33 the Antothite11:28

Verse 4GibeoniteJoshua 9:3, 9:17-23 a mighty man1 Chronicles 11:15 GederathiteJoshua 15:36

Verse 7Gedor1 Chronicles 4:18, 4:39; Joshua 15:58

Verse 8into the hold1 Chronicles 12:16, 11:16; 1 Samuel 23:14, 23:29, 24:22 of warHeb. of the hosthandle2 Chronicles 25:5; Jeremiah 46:9 whose faces1 Chronicles 11:22; 2 Samuel 1:23, 17:10, 23:20; Proverbs 28:1 as swift as the roes upon the mountainsHeb. as the roes upon the mountains to make haste, 2 Samuel 2:18; Proverbs 6:5; Song of Songs 8:14ReciprocalDeuteronomy 33:20 - Blessed; Ezekiel 1:10 - the face of a lion; 38:4 - handling; Revelation 9:17 - as the Verse 11Reciprocal1 Chronicles 2:35 - Attai Verse 14one of the least was over an hundred, and the greatest over a thousandor, one that was least could resist an hundred, the greatest a thousand. Leviticus 26:8; Deuteronomy 32:30Reciprocal1 Chronicles 13:1 - consulted Verse 15it had overflownHeb. it had filled over, Joshua 3:15, 4:18; Jeremiah 12:5, 49:19ReciprocalExodus 26:28 - reach Verse 16the children1 Chronicles 12:2 the hold12:8Reciprocal1 Samuel 22:4 - in the hold; 2 Samuel 23:14 - an hold; Psalm 68:27 - little Verse 17to meet themHeb. before themIf ye be come1 Samuel 16:4; 2 Samuel 3:20-25; 1 Kings 2:13; 2 Kings 9:22; Psalm 12:1, 12:2 heart1 Samuel 18:1, 18:3; 2 Kings 10:15; Psalm 86:11; 2 Corinthians 13:11; Philippians 1:27 knitHeb. one, Jeremiah 32:39; Acts 4:32; 1 Corinthians 1:10 wrongor, violenceGodGenesis 31:42, 31:53; 1 Samuel 24:11-17, 26:23, 26:24; Psalm 7:6; 1 Peter 2:23 rebuke itZechariah 3:2; Jude 1:9ReciprocalJoshua 5:13 - Art thou for us; 1 Samuel 20:8 - why shouldest; 1 Chronicles 12:38 - all the rest; Matthew 5:9 - are; 12:30 - that is; Acts 5:30 - God; 22:14 - The God Verse 18the spiritJudges 6:34, 13:25; Isaiah 59:17 came upon AmasaiHeb. clothed Amasai, 1 Chronicles 2:17; 2 Samuel 17:25, 19:13, 20:4-8, Amasa, Thine are we. 2 Kings 10:5, and on they side, Ruth 1:16; 2 Samuel 15:21; 2 Kings 9:32; Matthew 12:30 peaceGalatians 6:16; Ephesians 6:23, 6:24 thy God1 Samuel 25:28, 25:29; 2 Samuel 5:2; Zechariah 8:23; John 6:67, 6:68 captains of the band1 Samuel 8:12, 22:7; 1 Kings 9:22ReciprocalGenesis 43:23 - Peace; Joshua 5:13 - Art thou for us; Judges 11:29 - the spirit; 19:20 - Peace be; 1 Samuel 16:4 - Comest; 25:6 - Peace be both; 1 Kings 2:13 - Comest; 2 Kings 10:15 - Is thine heart right; 1 Chronicles 12:38 - all the rest; 2 Chronicles 24:20 - came upon; 26:7 - God helped; Psalm 54:4 - General; 118:7 - taketh; 122:7 - Peace; Isaiah 41:10 - for I am thy God; Daniel 4:1 - Peace; 1 Corinthians 16:16 - helpeth; 2 Corinthians 1:2 - General; 8:5 - unto Verse 19when he came1 Samuel 29:2-4 to the jeopardy of our headsHeb. on our headsReciprocal29:4 - Make this fellow; 2 Kings 7:4 - let us fall; 2 Chronicles 15:9 - they fell; Psalm 60:7 - Gilead Verse 20As he wentThese captains of Manasseh seem to have met David as he was returning from the army of the Philistines to Ziklag. It is probable that they did not bring their companies with them; yet they both assured him of future assistance, and very seasonably helped him against the Amalekites who had spoiled Ziklag. 1 Samuel 29:11 captainsExodus 18:21; Deuteronomy 1:15, 33:17ReciprocalGenesis 40:17 - bakemeats; 1 Samuel 27:6 - Ziklag; 1 Chronicles 12:21 - mighty men; 13:1 - consulted Verse 21against the bandor, with a band, 1 Samuel 30:1-17 mighty men1 Chronicles 12:20, 5:24, 11:10, 11:21, 11:22

Verse 22day by day2 Samuel 2:2-4, 3:1; Job 17:9 like the host of GodThat is, says the Targumist, a very numerous army, like the army of the angel of God. Genesis 32:2; Joshua 5:14; Psalm 148:2ReciprocalDeuteronomy 33:7 - let his hands; 2 Chronicles 14:13 - his host Verse 23 amthe numbers1 Chronicles 11:1-3; 2 Samuel 2:3, 2:4, 5:1-3 bandsor, captains, or men, Heb. headscame to DavidSome learned men understand this as relating to the time when David was make king over Judah, on his first coming to Hebron, but it seems wholly to refer to his being made king over all Israel, after the death of Ishbosheth; for there was no such union or assembly of the several tribes on the former occasion, as is here described.to turn1 Chronicles 10:14 according11:10; 1 Samuel 16:1, 16:3, 16:12, 16:13; 2 Samuel 3:18; Psalm 2:6, 89:19, 89:20ReciprocalGenesis 35:22 - Now the sons; Exodus 1:1 - General; Deuteronomy 17:15 - whom; Joshua 10:36 - Hebron; 2 Samuel 3:9 - as the Lord; 15:10 - Hebron Verse 24armedor, prepared

Verse 25Reciprocal1 Chronicles 9:15 - Mattaniah; 9:16 - Obadiah Verse 26Reciprocal1 Chronicles 15:4 - the children of Aaron Verse 27the leader1 Chronicles 9:20; 2 Kings 11:4, 11:9, 25:18 Aaronites1 Chronicles 6:49-57, 27:17Reciprocal24:3 - Zadok Verse 28Zadok1 Chronicles 6:8, 6:53; 2 Samuel 8:17; 1 Kings 1:8, 2:35; Ezekiel 44:15ReciprocalJoshua 10:36 - Hebron; 1 Chronicles 6:48 - appointed; 15:11 - Zadok; 16:39 - Zadok; 24:3 - Zadok; 25:1 - the captains; 26:6 - mighty men of valour; 27:17 - of the Aaronites; 2 Chronicles 26:17 - valiant men Verse 29kindredHeb. brethren, 1 Chronicles 12:2; Genesis 31:23 the greatest part of themHeb. a multitude of them, 2 Samuel 2:8, 2:9ReciprocalJoshua 17:11 - Manasseh; 2 Samuel 3:19 - Benjamin; Psalm 68:27 - little Verse 30famousHeb. men of names, Genesis 6:4ReciprocalNumbers 16:2 - famous Verse 31the half tribeJoshua 17:1-18ReciprocalLeviticus 24:16 - blasphemeth; Numbers 32:33 - half the; 1 Chronicles 16:41 - expressed Verse 32understanding of the timesThat is, as the following words indicate, intelligent men, who understood the signs of the times, well versed in political affairs, and knew what was proper to be done in all the exigencies of human life; and who now perceived that it was both the duty and political interest of Israel to advance David to the throne. Genesis 49:14; Esther 1:13; Isaiah 22:12-14, 33:6; Micah 6:9; Matthew 16:3; Luke 12:56, 12:57 to knowProverbs 14:8; Ephesians 5:17 all theirProverbs 24:5; Ecclesiastes 7:19, 9:18ReciprocalGenesis 30:18 - and she; 46:13 - Issachar; Judges 5:15 - the princes; 1 Chronicles 7:4 - General; 13:1 - consulted; Ezra 8:16 - men of understanding; Ecclesiastes 8:5 - a wise; 10:10 - wisdom Verse 33expert in waror, rangers of battle, or ranged in battle, keep rank. or, set the battle in array. they were not of double heart. Heb. they were without a heart and a heart. That is, they were all sincerely affected towards David, though so numerous. Psalm 12:2; John 1:47Reciprocal1 Chronicles 12:36 - expert in war; 12:38 - with a perfect heart; Habakkuk 3:1 - a true Verse 34ReciprocalGenesis 46:24 - Naphtali Verse 35ReciprocalGenesis 46:23 - Dan; 49:17 - shall be; Deuteronomy 33:22 - General; 1 Chronicles 9:15 - Zichri Verse 36expert in waror, keeping their rank, 1 Chronicles 12:33; Joel 2:7

Verse 37the other side1 Chronicles 5:1-10; Numbers 32:33-42; Deuteronomy 3:12-16; Joshua 13:7-32, 14:3, 22:1-10ReciprocalDeuteronomy 33:20 - Blessed; 1 Chronicles 5:18 - Reuben; 26:32 - Reubenites; Psalm 60:7 - Gilead Verse 38with a perfect heartThe meaning of this expression may be inferred from that of a double heart in 1 Chronicles 12:33. If a double heart be expressive of insincerity or duplicity, a perfect heart, which seems to be put in opposition to it, must signify a sincere, faithful, and entire attachment. 1 Kings 8:61, 11:4; 2 Kings 20:3; Psalm 101:2 all the rest1 Chronicles 12:17, 12:18; Genesis 49:8-10; 2 Chronicles 30:12; Psalm 110:3; Ezekiel 11:19ReciprocalDeuteronomy 33:20 - Blessed; 1 Samuel 11:14 - renew; 2 Samuel 3:12 - my hand; 15:10 - Hebron; 1 Kings 1:40 - rejoiced; 4:1 - over all Israel; 1 Chronicles 11:10 - to make; 18:14 - David; 2 Chronicles 10:1 - all; Psalm 141:6 - they shall hear; Proverbs 18:24 - that hath Verse 39eating and drinkingGenesis 26:30, 31:54; 2 Samuel 6:19, 19:42Reciprocal1 Samuel 11:14 - renew; 1 Kings 4:20 - eating Verse 40broughtThe Septuagint reads εφερον αυτιος, "brought (to) them" which is probably correct; the Hebrew lahem, "to them" might be easily mistaken for lechem, "bread." The passage will then read, "bought them on asses, on camels, and on mules, and on oxen, meat, meal, cakes of figs," etc., which renders the introduction of and unnecessary. From the mention of oil, figs, and raisins, Mr. Harmer thinks that this assembly was held in autumn. 2 Samuel 16:1, 17:27-29 meat, mealor, victual of mealcakes of figs1 Samuel 25:18 there was joy1 Kings 1:40; 2 Kings 11:20; Proverbs 11:10, 29:2; Jeremiah 23:5, 23:6; Luke 19:37, 19:38; Revelation 19:5-7Reciprocal2 Kings 11:14 - all the people; 2 Chronicles 23:13 - all the people